Abstract
This paper explores the evolving role of academic libraries as educational hubs through the lens of foundational literacies—Information Literacy (IL), Digital Literacy (DL), and AI Literacy (AIL). Based on observations of practices at Linköping University Library (LiUB), it synthesizes these initiatives into a proposed framework inspired by the principles of Library 3.0: Participation, Interactivity, and Adaptability. The framework offers a structured approach to integrating these literacies into library educational programming, emphasizing the library’s role in fostering critical competencies for lifelong learning in a rapidly changing digital environment. Key best practices from LiUB’s initiatives, such as the DigiMaker makerspace and AI literacy workshops, are highlighted, providing actionable insights for academic libraries seeking to remain relevant and impactful in their educational missions.
References
Allen, L. K., & Kendeou, P. (2024). ED-AI Lit: An Interdisciplinary Framework for AI Literacy in Education. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231220339
American Library Association. (1989). Presidential Committee on Information Literacy: Final Report. American Library Association. http://www.ala.org/acrl/publications/whitepapers/presidential
Aysu, S. (2023). Today’s Two Important Skills: Digital Literacy and Critical Thinking. In D. Köksal, Ö. G. Ulum, & G. Genç (Eds.), Undividing Digital Divide: Digital Literacy (pp. 37–48). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25006-4_4
Bawden, D. (2008). Origins and concepts of digital literacy. In C. Lankshear & M. Knobel (Eds.), Digital Literacies: Concepts, Policies and Practices. Peter Lang Publishing.
Bell, R. (1990). Library Literacy in the Academic Library. Innovation, 1.
Bruce, C. (1997). The Seven Faces of Information Literacy. Auslib Press Pty Ltd.
Cassidy, C. (2023, January 10). Australian universities to return to ‘pen and paper’ exams after students caught using AI to write essays. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jan/10/universities-to-return-to-pen-and-paper-exams-after-students-caught-using-ai-to-write-essays
Clark, M. (2015). Improving library efficiency to meet patron’s needs: A data envelopment analysis benchmarking model. 2015 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), 1415–1423. https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.2015.7273170
Coravu, R. (2010). Library Literacy: The Step before Information Literacy. First International Conference in Romania on Information Literacy, Sibiu, Romania. http://eprints.rclis.org/14540/#
Digital Literacy – Welcome to ALA’s Literacy Clearinghouse. (n.d.). Retrieved April 8, 2024, from https://literacy.ala.org/digital-literacy/
Dwivedi, Y. K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., Slade, E. L., Jeyaraj, A., Kar, A. K., Baabdullah, A. M., Koohang, A., Raghavan, V., Ahuja, M., Albanna, H., Albashrawi, M. A., Al-Busaidi, A. S., Balakrishnan, J., Barlette, Y., Basu, S., Bose, I., Brooks, L., Buhalis, D., … Wright, R. (2023). “So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102642
Faruqe, F., Watkins, R., & Medsker, L. (2022). Competency Model Approach to AI Literacy: Research-Based Path From Initial Framework to Model. Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, 2(4), 580–587. https://doi.org/10.54364/AAIML.2022.1140
Fletcher, C. (2021). A case for scholarly making in the library: Makerspaces, innovation labs, and the evolution of scholarly communications. College and Undergraduate Libraries, 27(2–4), 339–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/10691316.2021.1899881
Gilster, P. (1998). Digital literacy. Wiley Computer.
Gramenius, M. (2024, 12). Svenskt universitet bland de första i världen när Copilot släpps till universitet och högskolor – Pressrum. Microsoft. https://news.microsoft.com/sv-se/2024/01/12/svenskt-universitet-bland-de-forsta-i-varlden-nar-copilot-slapps-till-universitet-och-hogskolor/
Halaweh, M. (2023). ChatGPT in education: Strategies for responsible implementation. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(2), ep421. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/13036
Iannuzzi, P. (2000). Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education. Community & Junior College Libraries, 9(4), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.1300/J107v09n04_09
Jochumsen, H., Hvenegaard Rasmussen, C., & Skot‐Hansen, D. (2012). The four spaces – a new model for the public library. New Library World, 113(11/12), 586–597. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074801211282948
Julien, H. (2016). Beyond the hyperbole: Information literacy reconsidered. Communications in Information Literacy, 10(2), 124–131. https://doi.org/10.15760/comminfolit.2016.10.2.28
Kasneci, E., Sessler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F., Gasser, U., Groh, G., Günnemann, S., Hüllermeier, E., Krusche, S., Kutyniok, G., Michaeli, T., Nerdel, C., Pfeffer, J., Poquet, O., Sailer, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, T., … Kasneci, G. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274
Kenwright, B. (2023). Is it the end of undergraduate dissertations? Exploring the advantages and challenges of generative AI models in education. In Generative AI in Teaching and Learning (pp. 46–65). https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0074-9.ch003
Kivinen, O., & Piiroinen, T. (2023). Epoch-Making Changes in the Cultural Evolution of Communication: Communication technologies seen as organized hubs of skillful human activities. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 53(2), 221–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12361
Kress, G. R. (2003). Literacy in the new media age. Routledge.
Kwanya, T. (2023). From collections to connections: Transforming libraries to knowledge centres. In Information Services for a Sustainable Society: Current Developments in an Era of Information Disorder (pp. 320–341). https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110772753-022
Liu, G., Zhang, Z., Smith, C., Xu, S., & Pillon, K. (2020). Plagiarism and Information Literacy Workshops for International Students Plagiarism and Information Literacy Workshops for International Students. In V. Tavares (Ed.), Multidisciplinary Perspectives on International Student Experience in Canadian Higher Education (pp. 240–264). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5030-4.ch013
Lloyd, A. (2010). Information Literacy Landscapes: Information Literacy in Education, Workplace and Everyday Contexts. Chandos Publishing.
Long, D., & Magerko, B. (2020). What is AI Literacy? Competencies and Design Considerations. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376727
Nagle, S. B. (2021). Maker Services in Academic Libraries: A Review of Case Studies. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 27(2), 184–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/13614533.2020.1749093
Navarrete, O. A. (2023). The Digital Divide in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Opportunity and challenge for Libraries. Revista Interamericana de Bibliotecologia, 46(3). https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rib.v46n3e345719
Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, K. W. S., & Qiao, M. S. (2021). AI Literacy: Definition, Teaching, Evaluation and Ethical Issues. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 58(1), 504–509. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.487
Niaros, V., Kostakis, V., & Drechsler, W. (2017). Making (in) the smart city: The emergence of makerspaces. Telematics and Informatics, 34(7), 1143–1152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.05.004
O’Dea, X. (2024). Generative AI: Is it a paradigm shift for higher education? Studies in Higher Education, 0(0), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2024.2332944
Onyancha, O. B. (2020). Knowledge visualization and mapping of information literacy, 1975–2018. IFLA Journal, 46(2), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/0340035220906536
Owusu-Ansah, E. K. (2004). Information Literacy and Higher Education: Placing the Academic Library in the Center of a Comprehensive Solution. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 30(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jal.2003.11.002
Persson, I., & Savulescu, J. (2012). Unfit for the Future: The Need for Moral Enhancement. Oxford University Press.
Sperling, K., Stenberg, C.-J., McGrath, C., Åkerfeldt, A., Heintz, F., & Stenliden, L. (2024). In search of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy in teacher education: A scoping review. Computers and Education Open, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100169
Sullivan, M., Kelly, A., & McLaughlan, P. (2023). ChatGPT in higher education: Considerations for academic integrity and student learning. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.17
Walczak, M. (2020). Library 3.0 – where are we heading? Directions of libraries development in the 21st century. Medical Library Forum, 2–17. https://doi.org/10.34738/mlf.0019
Wang, A., & Zhang, X. Q. (2014). Cultivating College Students’ Information Literacy under Network Environment. Advanced Materials Research, 989–994, 5349–5352. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.989-994.5349
Wingren, A. (2023, 17). Linköpings Universitet bland de första i världen att använda Copilot i sin verksamhet – Pressrum. Microsoft. https://news.microsoft.com/sv-se/2023/11/17/linkopings-universitet-bland-de-forsta-i-varlden-att-anvanda-copilot-i-sin-verksamhet/
Yolcu, P. (2023). A systematic review of the literature on digital citizenship. In Innovations in Digital Instruction Through Virtual Environments (pp. 157–176). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7015-2.ch009
Zhang, L., Amos, C., & Pentina, I. (2024). Interplay of rationality and morality in using ChatGPT for academic misconduct. Behaviour & Information Technology, 0(0), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2024.2325023
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Librarianship